Gender Equality in Kazakhstan: Perceptions, Unpaid Labour and Entrepreneurial Intentions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47703/ejgs.v3i1.109Keywords:
Gender, Gender Equality, Gender Role, Women’s Work, Labour, Unpaid Labour, Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurial BehaviourAbstract
This study examines the role of age in shaping perceptions of gender equality, exposure to gender-related information, distribution of unpaid domestic labour, and entrepreneurial intentions in Kazakhstan. While the country has made significant progress in establishing formal gender equality through legal and institutional frameworks, disparities persist in labour market outcomes, access to opportunities, and household responsibilities. The research aims to determine whether age is a significant explanatory factor in understanding these gender-related dimensions. The empirical analysis is based on a quantitative research design using survey data from 1,200 respondents categorised into four age groups. The methodological approach combines descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square tests, and logistic regression modelling to assess both distributional patterns and causal relationships. The results indicate that perceptions of gender equality remain relatively consistent across age cohorts, suggesting a widespread acceptance of formal equality norms. However, significant age differences are observed in exposure to gender-related information, with younger individuals demonstrating higher engagement with media and digital content. The findings also reveal a strong association between age and unpaid domestic labour, with middle-aged groups bearing the highest household workload, reflecting life-cycle effects. Furthermore, age is a significant determinant of entrepreneurial intentions, with younger respondents exhibiting a substantially higher propensity to engage in business activities than older cohorts. The results underscore the importance of adopting age-sensitive policy approaches to address structural inequalities, improve access to information, and promote inclusive economic participation in Kazakhstan.
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