Female Employment in Kazakhstan: a Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Women's participation in paid employment is essential for economic and social progress. This article aims to analyze the employment and economic activity of women in Kazakhstan to identify labor market problems. By examining global gender wage gaps and employment rates with a focus on Kazakhstan, the review highlights persistent inequalities and the effectiveness of support programs. The research shows that education significantly enhances women's employment opportunities, with higher educational attainment correlating with increased workforce participation and better pay. However, cultural attitudes often hinder full integration, as traditional gender roles and societal expectations continue to influence career choices and opportunities. Descriptive statistics and histograms illustrate vital trends, such as high employment rates among women over 15 and a significant gender wage gap. Progress in increasing women's wages is evident, yet disparities persist, particularly in high-paying industries where women are underrepresented. The results underscore the need for continued efforts to achieve full gender equality in the labor market. Recommendations include implementing policies to ensure equal pay for equal work, supporting vocational training and career growth for women, and conducting public awareness campaigns to challenge long-held stereotypes. By addressing these issues, the study aims to improve working conditions for women, reduce the gender pay gap, and enhance their economic participation, ultimately contributing to broader economic development.