Assessment of Female Employment, Education, and Political Representation in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the need to quantify the contribution of gender equality to the economic development of countries with economies in transition. This study investigates the relationship between gender equality and economic growth in Kazakhstan, with a focus on women’s participation in the labor market, politics, and access to early childhood education.  The methods used are correlation analysis based on official macroeconomic and social data from the World Bank. The results show that GDP per capita positively correlates with the proportion of women in formal employment (r = 0.906), as well as with their representation in parliament (r = 0.696) and pre-school education (r = 0.420). A negative correlation was found between women's vulnerable employment and GDP (r = - 0.916), as well as between the unemployment rate among women and pre-school education        (r = - 0.884), indicating the role of institutional infrastructure in supporting women's employment. The conclusions emphasize the need to develop a gender-oriented policy aimed at increasing women's access to stable employment, policy mechanisms, and pre-school education as strategic factors for sustainable growth. Future research prospects include a deeper analysis of qualitative aspects of women's employment, such as pay levels, job stability, working conditions, and career opportunities.